C++ Deep Dive - High-Performance Programming Explained

📘 Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction to C++
• 2. Setting Up Environment
• 3. Basic Syntax
• 4. Variables and Data Types
• 5. Operators
• 6. Conditionals & Loops
• 7. Functions
• 8. Arrays and Strings
• 9. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• 10. Best Practices
• 11. Mini Project
• 12. Conclusion

1. Introduction to C++

C++ is a powerful, high-performance programming language used for software, game engines, and systems programming. It extends C with object-oriented features.

Note: C++ is known for its speed and control — ideal for applications where performance is critical.

2. Setting Up Environment

• Install Code::Blocks or Visual Studio.
• Ensure g++ compiler is installed.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  cout << "Hello, C++!" << endl;
  return 0;
}

3. Basic Syntax

C++ programs always begin with a main() function.

4. Variables and Data Types

int age = 20;
float price = 9.99;
string name = "Alice";
char grade = 'A';

5. Operators

int a = 5, b = 2;
cout << a + b; // 7

6. Conditionals & Loops

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
  cout << i << endl;
}

7. Functions

int add(int a, int b) {
  return a + b;
}

8. Arrays and Strings

int nums[3] = {1, 2, 3};
string text = "Hello";

9. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

class Person {
public:
  string name;
  void greet() { cout << "Hello " << name; }
};

int main() {
  Person p;
  p.name = "Alice";
  p.greet();
}

10. Best Practices

• Always initialize variables.
• Use const where applicable.
• Use descriptive variable names.

11. Mini Project — Simple Calculator

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  double a, b;
  char op;
  cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
  cin >> a >> b;
  cout << "Choose operator (+,-,*,/): ";
  cin >> op;
  switch(op) {
    case '+': cout << a+b; break;
    case '-': cout << a-b; break;
    case '*': cout << a*b; break;
    case '/': cout << a/b; break;
    default: cout << "Invalid!";
  }
}

12. Conclusion

C++ gives you control, power, and performance. It’s the foundation of modern systems, games, and large-scale applications.